Wednesday, 18 November 2015

Portfolio



Jump cuts were created in 1896 by Melies he was filming a bus coming out of a tunnel and his camera film jammed when it started filming again it filmed a horse cart going by and when he watched the film a jump cut was created making the bus look like it transformed into the horse cart, he used this in is magical shows to show people disappearing. Jump cuts were usually used to create magically effects during the 1800s but now in the present days jump cuts are been used to break continuity and therefore can fall under montage techniques. Jump cuts basically manipulates time and space as it can be used to show the passing of time in just one glance also uses combination of different shots but doesn't actually tell a story. When a jump cut is used most times there are no relationships between the two shots or just little therefore it can be seen as an alternative way of editing as it allows discontinuity and not continuity.


Rhythmic editing: Shots changes based on the tempo of music been played so therefore the shots changes according to the tempo of the music. This technique is used to pass time. It was invented by esiestein. This technique uses alot of different shots combined together to actually engage the viewers as they are mentally engaged as they use their eyes and hears they do not know that the beat is followed by the editing or the editing is not noticed, it can also be used to create tension or to increase the tempo of a particular scene of video.

Cross- Cutting 

Cross cutting also known as parallel editing, is cutting between two different scenes that are happening at the same time.This technique was created and developed by D.W. Griffith. Cross-Cutting was first used in D.W Griffith's film "After many years" in 1908. The clip below shows an example of cross-cutting being used. The clip is from the film Quantum of Solace. In the scene, A man is being interrogated, the camera then cuts to another scene to show that somebody is approaching in a car. The purpose of Cross-Cutting is to show two important/relevant events in the story that are happening at the same time. Using Cross-Cutting makes the story of a film more interesting for audience. It also allows the audience to be introduced to new characters of the story. Cross cutting manipulates time and space as it allows us to see two different events simultaneously happening at the exactly same time. Though these shots were shot at different times, it has been edited to make viewers think they are actually happening at the same time which really helps in story telling as it also engage the viewers and they do not need to use their brains to work out what is going on so its defiantly a mainstream way of editing it aloes uses different combinations of different shots to make the story more interesting
  



Motivated cut: This is when a shot/ scene cuts to another scene to show an object or character that wast present in the previous frame. Its a mainstream style of editing as it doesn't break continuity, its normally used to create suspense or show conversations between two characters with different significant importance added to them in detail in those shots.The main purpose of the motivated cut is to actually make the viewers know what is going on it engages the viewers and also develops the drama it also uses a variety of different combinations of shot cutting at different pace and also following the action.


180 degree rule: This an imaginary line that goes between two characters which the camera or set of cameras must not cross. Its a mainstream type of editing as it allows and keeps continuity. It uses different combination of shots such as shot reverse shot and over the shoulder shot to show conversation between two characters it also engages the viewer by letting them know who a character is talking to or talking about, the main purpose of the 180 degree rule is to keep one character on a particular and another character on the other side of the screen the rule also follows the action as it
happens. We can seethe rule been used alot in the trailer of man of steel mainly during conversations.


Continuity - A sequence of shots done to entertain the audience, to create a story in a linear sequence. It was invented by D.W Griffiths, through trial as error, as he would try something out and see if it worked. Continuity came from the US, fighting between them and Soviet Russia, who created montage, continuity proved more popular with audiences as it was just done to entertain the audience, unlike montage, which is designed to make the audience think. Continuities main aim is to actually keep viewers engaged and entertained instead of making them actually think like what montage does.
















Shot rev shot
Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing.The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions when talking and makes more interesting. It engages the viewers making them more entertained and telling them what is actually going on.

As we can see from 30 seconds in the use of Shot rev shot was used, as the camera is positioned from over the shoulders of each character. It also portrays the relationship between the two characters. Each time a person speaks it automatically cuts to the main objective. Shot rev shot was developed by Dw Griffith.



Point of View shot - This is a technique where it will show the scene from the characters point of view, so you can see the events from their perspective, allowing the audience to feel involved in the film because they can see it as if they are there.
 The Point Of View shot is used here, it is done to show the current events taking place from one characters perspective. It is done to see the events from the eyes of the character.

Parallel editing 

Parallel editing, also known as cross cutting is a technique used in editing where two or more scenes which often happen but in different locations in the film. Edwin S.Porter used this I his movie 'The Great Train Robbery' . In the early cinema cross cutting was used to show where things occur in different locations. Lets the viewers know what is going on and also it uses alot of combination of shots and it also manipulates time and space as well as storytelling.


Seamless editing 

Seamless editing was a technique used in the early cinema by D.W Griffths it is where the cut crosses the line of action it is also known as invisible editing, this uses alot of combination of shots and it also allows the viwer to follow the story and be entertained without noticing the editing and to some extent it manipulates time and space as it makes viewers think that what ever they are actually watching on screen right at that moment is actually real.


Tuesday, 10 November 2015

The Advance Of Editing Through TIme

http://www.tiki-toki.com/timeline/entry/559641/The-Advance-Of-Editing-Through-Time/

Sunday, 1 November 2015

Message In The Bottle Analysis.


MESSAGE IN THE BOTTLE from Morbid Film on Vimeo.

This is a long shot this make the character look isolated and dull as the lightning used here is low key lightning which makes everything look dull editing has been used to add a filter to this shot to make it dull, also in this scene there are a lot of non- diagetic sound which are used to create ambiguity or tells the viewers that something is wrong something out of the ordinary is happening. The shot also tells us that the character is isolated and hardly associates with the world as she is the only person in the woods its also shows that the character is depressed cause most depressed people like to be alone in weird places. The Genre used here is thriller we know this from this shot and the rest because the arrangement of shots and also the narrative that is been used.
The long shot above cuts directly to this shot which is a medium mid shot which doesn't have any relationship with the first long shot which makes the viewers not  know what is going on also it backs up my point about it been a non-linear narrative as we don't know the beginning or the end its a bit distorted. Also editing has been used to make everything in the scene black and white and leaving the characters red shirts colour left which signifies blood, fear or death.  Also there are a lot of diagetic sounds of the wind blowing this can be argued to be non diagetic because the sound effect can be created in the studio. Also in the shot there's a very tall tower which meaning can be read into to mean that it means isolation because its the only thing in the scene that alone and so is the character which means they are both isolated.
This is a master shot/ long shot it captures all characters on screen and also gives away the location of the set and at the same time. as we can see in this shot the character is alone isolated from the world the barrier she is standing behind demarcates her from the world like she is in a prison or she is not accepted by the world has the world is on one side and the road is another. Editing has been used also to make the pace of the shots to be a lot quicker and also the shot has been edited to remove colour from the world except her red shirt again.

As the long shot or master shot is going a red bus passes by only showing things that the colour are red this is done by editing or adding a filter, this signifies that the bus can be a blood of death or a bus to hell. Also a car drives by after and theres a sound like the car crashed into the bus.





Then the shot cuts to this shot of this abandoned building where the barbed wire has been blurred out to an extent by using the pull focus on the camera. The pull focus allows the viewers to put their attention on the building adding significance but the barbed wire has also been blurred for a reason but still visible to show us that the building is old and abandoned and hasn't been visited in along time as the barbed wire has began to rust and its also shows that the building is isolated. The camera has been placed at an high angle to get the building to also add some importance to the building this editing technique uses kuleshovs style of editing as it shows two shots one of the character and another of the building with no relationship between them but allows the viewers to work that out themselves which is intellectual montage. Also there a alot of non diagetic sound, a very disturbing sound plays in the background that give viewers the feel that this building has a mysterious or weird importance or attraction to it suggesting what might have happened in the building or why its important to the character and why it has been abandoned.
The next shot that it cuts to is the shot of the building from another angle if not a better view. This shot makes the building look more weird and isolated and also shows that its lifeless or who ever is living their is wired, the camera has been placed at a very high angle to give the building a very big look that can signify that this was once a very might building that commanded respect but now its isolated and nearly reduced to nothing.





The next shot is an extreme close up on a card the queen hearts which also has been edited to have its red colour which tells us that either her love used to live in this building or was murdered in this building which shows or tells us why she behaves so isolated from the world or it could also show us that she is the queen of love but some things gone wrong to put her in this present state either she cant remember what's happened to her. The camera has also been used here to apply a pull focus to add significant importance to the queen of hearts and how it relates to the character also the surrounding of the shots also tell us that this is inside the building which looks very much abandoned for over a very long period of time.                        
The next shot is an extreme close up of a character's feet stepping on the queen of hearts which sends out a lot of mystery and suspense as the viewers have no clue who this character is or how the character has any relationship to the other character also editing has been used to add filter to the video to make or put it in a black and white format also there is a non diegetic sound that sends out a very weird feeling as the character steps on the card.

It then cuts to a shot of a character walking the abandon building like she knows the building very well she probably been to the video for a very long time which means she familiar with the building and she alone which shows that she isolated herself form people to be in this building. Also it shows an eye on one of the walls which shows that the character is a talented artists or someone else visits this building or that she is been watched.


This is a low angle shot that makes the character look superior and in charge of her situation of situation also giving her power as she puts a n object in her bad. behind her is a cracked old wall that shows her location. Throughout the whole clip there are more uses of non diegetic sound which were used to create suspense and mystery. There are also alot of montage editing found throughout the clip also editing has been used to add filter to take out colour from the world to make it look dull and unattractive but they have also added colour to significant objects in the clips to add importance and meaning to them.   


Decay analysis

This a two shot it, this is when two characters are on scene it shows relationship between two different characters as we can see in the screen grab above the two characters are distant from each other and the other character dressed in black is kinda of blurred out which means the focus was set on the character in blue to add importance to him also the other character dressed in black can be associated with him been evil or bad. The lightning used here has been high key lightning to give/ make the set brighter in other to make it look more day like.

Here is a Master shot, this shot puts all character on scene on screen and also gives away the location of the set it can also make a character look lonely as it has in the shot above because the character is far away and isolated from the building the shot made it look like he is running away from the world like he has been rejected by the world editing has been used to add the name of the film to the shot and high key lightning has been used to give the scene a brighter look and also make it day like.

This is a close up, this is shot from the characters shoulder upwards it puts one chatterer on screen making viewers focus on that character or add importance to that character also high key lighting has been used to give it a bright scene and also to show how hot it is and that the character is actually trying to shade his head from the sun  because it's hot there are a lot of non diagetic sound playing a sort of sorrowful sound. 

 This is a long shot, this is a far shot of a character to show that  a character is isolated like we can see in the screen grab above. The character looked like his lost and he doesn't know where his going or his looking for a particular thing that he cant find also his dressed corporately and its a bit weird to find a guy dressed corporately in a sandy piece of land

This is an over the shoulder shot , this shot shows us directly what's in front of the character or makes us focus on something or someone in front of that character, the character is placed behind the character and its been shoot and pull focus is used to blur out the characters head that got in the shot. but the camera got the mirror that shows us the facial expression of the character to and extent.

 This is an edit that has been used to blur out so that we don't see exactly what or the character on the shot. This can be a shot of a dead person but viewers cant tell because it has been blurred out to create suspense and a lot of mystery as we don't know who that character is and also the clips creates a lot of suspense which tells us or shows that the clip is a short thriller clip as we don't get a grab of whatever is going on until the final last two scenes. 

The short clip used non linear narrative as there were a lot of flashbacks and the clip started in the middle of the young man's crisis. There was a sorrowful kind of sound playing in the background making viewers feel sympathy for the viewer that was a non diegetic sound as only us the viewers could hear it but when he shouted at himself in the mirror with blood stains all over is mouth that was a diagetic sound as we the viewers and the character could hear this noise, they used a lot of editing as the 180 degree rule was used when he was conversation with the other character and also in the first screen grab in this document. The producers have purposely broken continuity to make the clip mysterious and add alot of suspense.

Adrenaline Analysis.

This is a TILT SHOT, this is when the camera is placed slanted or placed upside down and shot to either show a sign of danger or a hellish frame as hell is seemed to be upside down. In this shot the lightning  used here has been low key lightning to make the scene look dull it also shows pathetic fallacy  (this is when the mood of a person  fits the weather). This has been shot this way to make the scene dull and disoriented and also different this can also be a point of view shot of a character lying down on the floor, the sign post in the video looks old and rusted and the plant beside it looks like a plant that lacks water which can mean the character in the video is isolated, either abandoned at that specific location or got them selves there on their own will, this shot also creates mystery as viewers will be trying to understand what is going on. This shot will be seen in THRILLERS and HORROR as it creates a sense of mystery and to an extent suspense as we cannot tell about what's going to happen next. Also the shot gives away an idea of the location of the shots. 

This is a mid shot, this is the shot of a character from the waist up front it makes the viewers focus on a particular character and the shot has been edited by adding black and white filter to state/ show the mood of the particular character in the short clip to be dull. This shot also contains a lot of detail in it, it shows the location of the character showing the train tracks and the overgrown buses beside it implying that the character is in a weird/ lonely place. And with the way she is positioned on the track and the cross cutting of shots between her and the train makes the viewers think she wants to committee suicide. It also creates mystery as we do not know why this character wants to kill herself, also she is dressed in all black which is associated or meaning can be read into it to mean  death, mystery, fear and unknown. The black and white filter was edited into the video to make the scene and the world look dull because the world without color is dull also portraying the mood of the character therefore using editing to manipulate reality.

This is a point of view shot , this is a shot taken from a characters point of view placing the viewer in the characters position and see things through the characters eyes, in the film the point of view shot is from the trains point of view.  This creates mystery because we do not see the character or the train at the point in time of the shot was filmed and it also shows or implies that there is another character in the scene who we are yet to meet, also we hear a lot of ambient sound (this is the background sound which is present on set so it is not recorded from a different source and edited into the video but comes with the video as its been recorded or shot ) which is that of the moving train, the viewers can hear this noise and the character in the film can also hear this sound loud and clear shows that its a diegetic sound also it shows impending danger as the view of the train or character is looking downwards and they cannot see what's up in front of them.

This is a low angle shot, this shot is placed under the camera and shot, this is used to make a character look big or superior in this shot shows this character has overcome a big problem. In this scene we can see relief of the characters face that she has overcome something but still doesn't add color to the world to make it look like because she has conquered her fear the day is bright again but no its still dull because the director or what this is saying this is a normal and regular thing she does on a daily bases because nothing changes after she's completed her goal. Also the background is the sky to portrait the character as big and also to look like a conqueror of her fear. We can also notice that there is no head room space in the shot this has probably been done because of the ratio 16:9 of the video space or just to add effects or send out a meaning that she's is big or superiors all you can see is the sky and also if there was a bit of head room space it wouldn't have looked like she was in the air and she is big it will look more like a normal mid  shot with no meaning.

This is a close up, this is shot when the camera is zoomed in on a particular feature on a character in other for viewers to pay attention to that particular feature or to hide specific information from the viewers for example in the shot the hand of a character is shown but her face cant be seen which sends out mystery and suspense and this shot is mostly seen in thrillers and horror, at this point the director doesn't want us to know who the character is but also release some very interesting detail. on the right hand of the character we can see a gothic wrist band which gives us a clue about the kind of person the character is, on her other arm we can see a musical note tattooed on her hand which also tells us that the character likes music or is an artist and the exercise she's about to carry out is her own way of getting inspiration, this shot is very suitable for a THRILLER or HORROR because it creates a lot of mystery and suspense and also the pace of the editing is rather fast than slow because there are a lot of cross cutting shots used in the video between the character and the train.

 Extreme Close up: this is a further zoom in on a particular object or character to make viewers pay attention to that object or to show emotions on a characters face. In this short film the 180 degree rule is not used they are no conversations. The format used is linear narrative as it has a beginning, middle, and ending. Also during editing they have used a lot of cross cutting between the character and the train which doesn't break continuity because it tells us that the train is what is making a particular noise.

At the beginning of the clip we hear a very disturbing sound/music that makes viewers focus on the film and also shows impending danger or doom, there is also the sound of the train coming this is a diegetic sound because both the character and the viewers can hear the noise of the train but the sound track is non diegetic as it is only the viewers that can hear this sound.
Also the intro to the movie is in red so is the title of the movie, red represents blood, death, gore and hell, these meanings can be drawn to the clip by just seeing the intro. With the editing they have arranged the shots to be in a linear format there is a start beginning and the end but they use jump cuts from the character to the train this editing has been done intentionally to break continuity because it makes the viewer lost and think what's going on here. Also different sequence of shots where used to build up the story right from the close up to the mid shot. To an extent the 180 degree rule as been used because the character is always in the middle or towards one side one of the screen while the train is on the other side.
Jump cuts have intentionally been used to create discontinuity which is an alternate style of filming which is montage style of editing.